In 1622 Francis Bacon published his History of the Reign of King Henry VII. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. [39] Despite this, during his reign he became a fiscally prudent monarch who restored the fortunes of an effectively bankrupt exchequer. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. I picked this audiobook up because it was narrated by Simon Vance. How like a winter hath my absence been From thee, the pleasure of the fleeting year! Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. He explained how Henry VII had achieved what he set out to do, he had passed on the crown successfully. My obsession is European history from the 12th through 17th centuries - especially British history - so of course, when I was offered the chance to review this book, my interest was piqued immediately. When Henry VII called his first parliament he used it as an opportunity to legitimise his reign. Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Years of instability, factionalism and his predecessors' penchant for war had seen royal finances severely battered. [29] Henry secured his crown principally by dividing and undermining the power of the nobility, especially through the aggressive use of bonds and recognisances to secure loyalty. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. [citation needed], In 1502, Henry VII's life took a difficult and personal turn in which many people he was close to died in quick succession. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. But Henry had a crucial asset: his queen and their children, the living embodiment of his hoped-for dynasty. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. Consultant editor for the. [25][80], Historians have always compared Henry VII with his continental contemporaries, especially Louis XI of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon. The fact that a Cockney could provide a recognisable representation of him gives away part of his enduring appeal; in national memory, Henry was one of the lads, the only English king to have. To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. [2] His father died three months before his birth. But, his enemies didnt agree. Please check your email to confirm your subscription. It was no easy feat. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Henry himself was clearly a distant figure who governed through his ministers, but this means that it's quite hard to get much of a sense of his character from the few sources available. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. Henry VII's reign has yielded an evocative study, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, ILLUSTRATION: CLIFFORD HARPER/AGRAPHIA.CO.UK. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. While most of us are familiar with Henry VIII and Elizabeth I and we probably have a sense of the Wars of the Roses in England, but how many of us are familiar with Henry VII. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. Author of, Assistant Master and Professor of History, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge. That is, suspicious, insecure and crafty but also determined, patient and fiercely proud of his Lancastrian ancestry. 4. Henry spared Richard's nephew and designated heir, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, and made the Yorkist heiress Margaret Plantagenet Countess of Salisbury suo jure. [70] Henry VII falls among the minority of British monarchs that never had any known mistresses, and for the times, it is very unusual that he did not remarry: his son Henry was the only male heir left after the death of his wife, thus the death of Arthur created a precarious political position for the House of Tudor. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. [35] In 1499, Henry had the Earl of Warwick executed. The purpose of the agreement was to prevent France from annexing Brittany. He cemented his claim by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of King Edward IV. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. By 1500, Henry felt safer and things were looking good. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Here is a rundown of the programme for those who missed it. When Richard III became King, Henrys strategy, planned by Margaret Beaufort, the mother whom he had not seen for years, was to declare in public, in Brittanys Rennes Cathedral, that he would marry Edward IVs daughter Elizabeth, then in sanctuary with her mother, and thus bury the enmity between Lancaster and York by making her his queen. It was presented by historian Thomas Penn, author of Winter King and was an excellent examination of the King who, as Penn pointed out, tend to be eclipsed by Richard III, the glamour and notoriety of Henry VIII and the charisma of Elizabeth I. Up to a point, he succeeded. [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. Wolf Hall this is not. Raised in France, admiring of Italian-trained lawyers (and reaping the reward of the return of a whole generation of educated English commoners who sat out the War of the Roses abroad), with good taste in Renaissance art and advised by his gracious wife and steely mother, Henry VII is a major figure, not a prequel. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. Henry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. The union was both symbolic and necessary. Together, they had seven children. Based on the terms of the accord, Henry sent 6000 troops to fight (at the expense of Brittany) under the command of Lord Daubeney. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Happy St Davids Day! Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! There were too many powerful noblemen and, as a consequence of the system of so-called bastard feudalism, each had what amounted to private armies of indentured retainers (mercenaries masquerading as servants). He was the last king of England to win . With the English economy heavily invested in wool production, Henry VII became involved in the alum trade in 1486. I thought the book was well written, even though a bit dry is spots. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. It was really very well researched and painstakingly written. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. Henry had only been accepted as King because the Princes in the Tower, the sons of Edward IV, were dead, so when Yorkist exiles groomed Perkin Warbeck to pose as one of the princes and raised an army it was a huge threat. I would read more by this author. At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. [21], Henry devised a plan to seize the throne by engaging Richard quickly because Richard had reinforcements in Nottingham and Leicester. : (April 25, 1883. [44] Following Henry VII's death, Henry VIII executed Richard Empson and Edmund Dudley, his two most hated tax collectors, on trumped-up charges of treason. In 1837 Henry VIII's tomb was eventually marked in the chapel with a commemorative marble slab. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. Here was a young man who enjoyed jousting, who enjoyed chatting with the other knights in the tiltyard and with people of low degree. Henry VII was also shown, but his black line just traced back to Owen Tudor, a chamber servant. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king. Watch with Prime Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Stephens, "affords some illustrations of the avaricious and parsimonious character of the king". As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. He was, said Penn, a man who never knew a moments peace during his reign. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. Many influential Yorkists had been dispossessed and disappointed by the change of regime, and there had been so many reversals of fortune within living memory that the decision of Bosworth did not appear necessarily final. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. Soon after his fathers burial on 10 May, Henry suddenly declared that he would indeed marry Catherine, leaving unresolved several issues concerning the papal dispensation and a missing part of the marriage portion. But he leaves us wondering how Henry got away with it. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? [48], Henry later concluded a treaty with France at Etaples that brought money into the coffers of England, and ensured the French would not support pretenders to the English throne, such as Perkin Warbeck. The Treaty of Redon was signed in February 1489 between Henry and representatives of Brittany. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped. He had to pay a 500 fine to save himself, to buy a pardon for the crime. The research was thorough and it was presented well and kept me engaged. Henry VII, also called (145785) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (14851509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. [13] When Warwick restored Henry VI in 1470, Jasper Tudor returned from exile and brought Henry to court. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. He was the founder of the Tudor dynasty, and his marriage to Elizabeth Woodville brought together the too sides that were facing off during the Wars of the Roses (the Lancasters and the Yorks) basically uniting the two houses into a single family. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. [23] After his coronation Henry issued an edict that any gentleman who swore fealty to him would, notwithstanding any previous attainder, be secure in his property and person. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. [citation needed] Henry also formed an alliance with Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (14931519) and persuaded Pope Innocent VIII to issue a papal bull of excommunication against all pretenders to Henry's throne.
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